ABSTRACT
Background: HIV infection/AIDS is a global pandemic greatly exceeds earlier prediction. With widespread availability and uses of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART), HIV becomes a chronic manageable illness but immediate and long term side effects become a major problem. The objective of the study was to study clinical profile of HIV positive patients attending A.R.T. centre of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Observational and prospective study was carried out over 100 HIV positive Patients attending ART centre of G.G.G Hospital, Jamnagar, Saurastra, Gujarat over a period of 12 months.Results: Out of 100 HIV positive studied patients, maximum cases (95%) were in the age group of 15-49 years, 75% were males. (58%) cases were from rural area and (56%) were illiterate. Maximum cases were having sexual (79%) route of transmission. Most common symptom among HIV positive patients was weight loss (62%) followed by fever (58%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (65%) was the most common opportunistic infection. (84%) patients had CD4 count between 50-200/cub.mm, (66%) were in stage III. ART was well tolerated, ADRs were found in 43% of patients.Conclusions: HIV is more common in reproductive age group with males being more affected and major route of transmission of HIV infection remains heterosexual mode.
ABSTRACT
Background: Epilepsy is “a condition characterized by recurrent (two or more) seizure, unprovoked by any immediate identifi ed cause.” The desired outcome of antiseizure drug (ASD) therapy is to be seizure-free throughout the rest of life. The objective was to study the utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of ASDs in pediatric outpatients in epilepsy clinic. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational and single center study was carried out over a period of 1 year in 430 pediatric patients. Analyzed data included demographic details and drugs prescribed in respective seizure types along with ADRs due to ASDs. Results: In a total 430 patients analyzed, seizure were most commonly observed in boys (69.8%) in 6-10 year of age (45.3%), with a positive family history in (16%), with no specifi c cause of seizure in (71.6%), with most common type was focal seizure in (62.3%), which was mainly treated with carbamazepine (73.8%). Most common ADR was irritability (32.2%) with Valproate being main drug. 87.3% ADRs were in “ possible” as per World Health Organization causality assessment scale, 94.9% ADRs were “mild” as per Hartwig and Siegel severity assessment scale and 98.3% ADRs were “preventable” as per Schumock and Thornton preventability scale. Conclusion: Focal seizure was most common type of seizure observed mainly in boys of 6-10 year with carbamazepine as mainly prescribed drug. Use of appropriate ASDs in the majority of patients as per guidelines, has decreased number of ADRs in our study. Prescribing drugs were mainly from essential drug list and by generic names.